What causes panic according to stress management concepts?

The correct answer highlights that panic often arises from a real or imagined loss of control over a situation. This concept is crucial in stress management because when individuals feel they cannot control their environment or circumstances, it can lead to an overwhelming sense of anxiety and fear. This feeling is particularly pronounced during high-stress situations, such as diving or other activities that require a high level of focus and calmness.

When a diver perceives a threat to their safety or encounters an emergency, the inability to manage the situation can trigger panic responses. These responses can manifest as physical symptoms like rapid heart rate, hyperventilation, or even disorientation, all of which further complicate the ability to resolve the situation effectively. Understanding this relationship between perceived loss of control and panic can help divers and other professionals better prepare for and respond to stressful situations, ultimately enhancing safety and performance.

In contrast, while a sudden rush of excitement, lack of preparation, or unexpected happiness might influence a person's emotional state, they do not directly correlate with the core triggers of panic identified in stress management theories.